简介：
在CentOS上安装MySQL安装环境及版本：
系统环境：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
MySQL版本：mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz一、准备
检查系统中是否存在使用rpm安装的mysql或者mariadb，如果有需要先删除后再编译安装。
是否已经安装mysql：rpm -qa | grep mysql
是否已经安装mariadb：rpm -qa | grep mariadb
rpm -e xxx #一般使用此命令即可卸载成功
rpm -e –nodeps xxx #卸载不成功时使用此命令强制卸载
[root@localhost bin]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@localhost bin]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost bin]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost bin]#
[root@localhost bin]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb二、安装
2.1 安装依赖包
命令：yum -y install unzip wget
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install unzip wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
................
Installed:
wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1
Updated:
unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-21.el7
Complete!命令：yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libtool
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libtool
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
.....
Updated:
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Dependency Updated:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libquadmath.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Complete!命令：yum install -y libaio-*
[root@localhost bin]# yum install -y libaio-*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
...................
Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
Complete!2.2 安装
进入文件目录：cd /usr/local/src/
下载安装文件：wget http://zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/mysql/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget http://zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/mysql/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
--2020-07-02 20:37:55-- http://zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/mysql/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com (zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com)... 118.31.219.222
Connecting to zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com (zy-res.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com)|118.31.219.222|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 654007697 (624M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz’
100%[====================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 654,007,697 2.04MB/s in 5m 3s
2020-07-02 20:42:58 (2.06 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz’ saved [654007697/654007697]解压缩：tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
……………
mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server
mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/docs/INFO_BIN
mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/docs/INFO_SRC新建安装目录： mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
将解压缩后的文件移到安装目录： mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost src]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost src]# mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost src]# ll /usr/local/mysql/
total 36
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 2 20:44 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 17987 Nov 28 2016 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 55 Jul 2 20:44 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 2 20:44 include
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 229 Jul 2 20:44 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 30 Jul 2 20:44 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 2478 Nov 28 2016 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root 4096 Jul 2 20:44 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 112 Jul 2 20:44 support-files2.3 建立mysql组和用户
建立用户：groupadd mysql
该用户不可登录服务器：useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost src]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql2.4 初始化MySQL数据库
命令：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize-insecure –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ –user=mysql
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
2020-07-03T00:48:35.723842Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-07-03T00:48:36.140467Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-07-03T00:48:36.206847Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-07-03T00:48:36.282295Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed871cd9-bcc6-11ea-ab90-000c29d9f915.
2020-07-03T00:48:36.304558Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-07-03T00:48:36.305343Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.2.5 更改安装目录属性
将安装目录改为mysql可以访问：
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 152 Jul 2 19:46 apache
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 Jul 2 19:28 apr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 Jul 2 19:35 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 141 Jul 2 20:48 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 56 Jul 2 19:39 pcre
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 23 2019 share
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 277 Jul 2 20:44 src
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 152 Jul 2 19:46 apache
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 Jul 2 19:28 apr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 Jul 2 19:35 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 141 Jul 2 20:48 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 56 Jul 2 19:39 pcre
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 23 2019 share
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 277 Jul 2 20:44 src2.6 设置开机自启动
将mysql.server文件拷贝到启动运行目录：cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# ll /etc/init.d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Apr 23 2019 /etc/init.d -> rc.d/init.d添加可执行权限：chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# ll /etc/init.d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Apr 23 2019 /etc/init.d -> rc.d/init.d修改vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local，增加启动命令
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
/etc/init.d/mysqld start2.7 设置环境变量
编辑root环境变量：vi /root/.bash_profile
在PATH路径后添加：:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost support-files]# vi /root/.bash_profile
[root@localhost support-files]# cat /root/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
export PATH使环境变量生效：source /root/.bash_profile
2.8 启动数据库
直接运行开机自启动设置的命令即可：/etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@localhost support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS! 查看3306端口使用启用：netstat -tnlp
[root@localhost support-files]# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1058/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1271/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 50127/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 49814/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1058/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1271/master 2.9 修改root密码
初始化后mysql为空密码可直接登录，为了保证安全性需要修改mysql的root用户密码，命令：mysqladmin -uroot password ‘******’
[root@localhost support-files]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'pyrk-0811'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.2.10 设置远程连接
命令：grant all privileges on . to ‘root’@’%’ identified by ‘pyrk-0811’ with grant option;
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'pyrk-0811' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye2.11 其他参数的修改
最大连接数，编码格式等，可参考《Mariadb安装》
三、验证登录
命令登录：mysql -uroot -p
[root@localhost support-files]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.还可以通过客户端登录
